Angels Demons Chapter 46-48

46 The Secret Vatican Archives are located at the far end of the Borgia Courtyard directly up a hill from the Gate of Santa Ana. They contain over 20,000 volumes and are rumored to hold such treasures as Leonardo da Vinci's missing diaries and even unpublished books of the Holy Bible. Langdon strode powerfully up the deserted Via della Fondamenta toward the archives, his mind barely able to accept that he was about to be granted access. Vittoria was at his side, keeping pace effortlessly. Her almond-scented hair tossed lightly in the breeze, and Langdon breathed it in. He felt his thoughts straying and reeled himself back. Vittoria said, â€Å"You going to tell me what we're looking for?† â€Å"A little book written by a guy named Galileo.† She sounded surprised. â€Å"You don't mess around. What's in it?† â€Å"It is supposed to contain something called il segno.† â€Å"The sign?† â€Å"Sign, clue, signal†¦ depends on your translation.† â€Å"Sign to what?† Langdon picked up the pace. â€Å"A secret location. Galileo's Illuminati needed to protect themselves from the Vatican, so they founded an ultrasecret Illuminati meeting place here in Rome. They called it The Church of Illumination.† â€Å"Pretty bold calling a satanic lair a church.† Langdon shook his head. â€Å"Galileo's Illuminati were not the least bit satanic. They were scientists who revered enlightenment. Their meeting place was simply where they could safely congregate and discuss topics forbidden by the Vatican. Although we know the secret lair existed, to this day nobody has ever located it.† â€Å"Sounds like the Illuminati know how to keep a secret.† â€Å"Absolutely. In fact, they never revealed the location of their hideaway to anyone outside the brotherhood. This secrecy protected them, but it also posed a problem when it came to recruiting new members.† â€Å"They couldn't grow if they couldn't advertise,† Vittoria said, her legs and mind keeping perfect pace. â€Å"Exactly. Word of Galileo's brotherhood started to spread in the 1630s, and scientists from around the world made secret pilgrimages to Rome hoping to join the Illuminati†¦ eager for a chance to look through Galileo's telescope and hear the master's ideas. Unfortunately, though, because of the Illuminati's secrecy, scientists arriving in Rome never knew where to go for the meetings or to whom they could safely speak. The Illuminati wanted new blood, but they could not afford to risk their secrecy by making their whereabouts known.† Vittoria frowned. â€Å"Sounds like a situazione senza soluzione.† â€Å"Exactly. A catch-22, as we would say.† â€Å"So what did they do?† â€Å"They were scientists. They examined the problem and found a solution. A brilliant one, actually. The Illuminati created a kind of ingenious map directing scientists to their sanctuary.† Vittoria looked suddenly skeptical and slowed. â€Å"A map? Sounds careless. If a copy fell into the wrong hands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It couldn't,† Langdon said. â€Å"No copies existed anywhere. It was not the kind of map that fit on paper. It was enormous. A blazed trail of sorts across the city.† Vittoria slowed even further. â€Å"Arrows painted on sidewalks?† â€Å"In a sense, yes, but much more subtle. The map consisted of a series of carefully concealed symbolic markers placed in public locations around the city. One marker led to the next†¦ and the next†¦ a trail†¦ eventually leading to the Illuminati lair.† Vittoria eyed him askance. â€Å"Sounds like a treasure hunt.† Langdon chuckled. â€Å"In a manner of speaking, it is. The Illuminati called their string of markers ‘The Path of Illumination,' and anyone who wanted to join the brotherhood had to follow it all the way to the end. A kind of test.† â€Å"But if the Vatican wanted to find the Illuminati,† Vittoria argued, â€Å"couldn't they simply follow the markers?† â€Å"No. The path was hidden. A puzzle, constructed in such a way that only certain people would have the ability to track the markers and figure out where the Illuminati church was hidden. The Illuminati intended it as a kind of initiation, functioning not only as a security measure but also as a screening process to ensure that only the brightest scientists arrived at their door.† â€Å"I don't buy it. In the 1600s the clergy were some of the most educated men in the world. If these markers were in public locations, certainly there existed members of the Vatican who could have figured it out.† â€Å"Sure,† Langdon said, â€Å"if they had known about the markers. But they didn't. And they never noticed them because the Illuminati designed them in such a way that clerics would never suspect what they were. They used a method known in symbology as dissimulation.† â€Å"Camouflage.† Langdon was impressed. â€Å"You know the term.† â€Å"Dissimulacione,† she said. â€Å"Nature's best defense. Try spotting a trumpet fish floating vertically in seagrass.† â€Å"Okay,† Langdon said. â€Å"The Illuminati used the same concept. They created markers that faded into the backdrop of ancient Rome. They couldn't use ambigrams or scientific symbology because it would be far too conspicuous, so they called on an Illuminati artist – the same anonymous prodigy who had created their ambigrammatic symbol ‘Illuminati' – and they commissioned him to carve four sculptures.† â€Å"Illuminati sculptures?† â€Å"Yes, sculptures with two strict guidelines. First, the sculptures had to look like the rest of the artwork in Rome†¦ artwork that the Vatican would never suspect belonged to the Illuminati.† â€Å"Religious art.† Langdon nodded, feeling a tinge of excitement, talking faster now. â€Å"And the second guideline was that the four sculptures had to have very specific themes. Each piece needed to be a subtle tribute to one of the four elements of science.† â€Å"Four elements?† Vittoria said. â€Å"There are over a hundred.† â€Å"Not in the 1600s,† Langdon reminded her. â€Å"Early alchemists believed the entire universe was made up of only four substances: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water.† The early cross, Langdon knew, was the most common symbol of the four elements – four arms representing Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Beyond that, though, there existed literally dozens of symbolic occurrences of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water throughout history – the Pythagorean cycles of life, the Chinese Hong-Fan, the Jungian male and female rudiments, the quadrants of the Zodiac, even the Muslims revered the four ancient elements†¦ although in Islam they were known as â€Å"squares, clouds, lightning, and waves.† For Langdon, though, it was a more modern usage that always gave him chills – the Mason's four mystic grades of Absolute Initiation: Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Vittoria seemed mystified. â€Å"So this Illuminati artist created four pieces of art that looked religious, but were actually tributes to Earth, Air, Fire, and Water?† â€Å"Exactly,† Langdon said, quickly turning up Via Sentinel toward the archives. â€Å"The pieces blended into the sea of religious artwork all over Rome. By donating the artwork anonymously to specific churches and then using their political influence, the brotherhood facilitated placement of these four pieces in carefully chosen churches in Rome. Each piece of course was a marker†¦ subtly pointing to the next church†¦ where the next marker awaited. It functioned as a trail of clues disguised as religious art. If an Illuminati candidate could find the first church and the marker for Earth, he could follow it to Air†¦ and then to Fire†¦ and then to Water†¦ and finally to the Church of Illumination.† Vittoria was looking less and less clear. â€Å"And this has something to do with catching the Illuminati assassin?† Langdon smiled as he played his ace. â€Å"Oh, yes. The Illuminati called these four churches by a very special name. The Altars of Science.† Vittoria frowned. â€Å"I'm sorry, that means noth – † She stopped short. â€Å"L'altare di scienza?† she exclaimed. â€Å"The Illuminati assassin. He warned that the cardinals would be virgin sacrifices on the altars of science!† Langdon gave her a smile. â€Å"Four cardinals. Four churches. The four altars of science.† She looked stunned. â€Å"You're saying the four churches where the cardinals will be sacrificed are the same four churches that mark the ancient Path of Illumination?† â€Å"I believe so, yes.† â€Å"But why would the killer have given us that clue?† â€Å"Why not?† Langdon replied. â€Å"Very few historians know about these sculptures. Even fewer believe they exist. And their locations have remained secret for four hundred years. No doubt the Illuminati trusted the secret for another five hours. Besides, the Illuminati don't need their Path of Illumination anymore. Their secret lair is probably long gone anyway. They live in the modern world. They meet in bank boardrooms, eating clubs, private golf courses. Tonight they want to make their secrets public. This is their moment. Their grand unveiling.† Langdon feared the Illuminati unveiling would have a special symmetry to it that he had not yet mentioned. The four brands. The killer had sworn each cardinal would be branded with a different symbol. Proof the ancient legends are true, the killer had said. The legend of the four ambigrammatic brands was as old as the Illuminati itself: earth, air, fire, water – four words crafted in perfect symmetry. Just like the word Illuminati. Each cardinal was to be branded with one of the ancient elements of science. The rumor that the four brands were in English rather than Italian remained a point of debate among historians. English seemed a random deviation from their natural tongue†¦ and the Illuminati did nothing randomly. Langdon turned up the brick pathway before the archive building. Ghastly images thrashed in his mind. The overall Illuminati plot was starting to reveal its patient grandeur. The brotherhood had vowed to stay silent as long as it took, amassing enough influence and power that they could resurface without fear, make their stand, fight their cause in broad daylight. The Illuminati were no longer about hiding. They were about flaunting their power, confirming the conspiratorial myths as fact. Tonight was a global publicity stunt. Vittoria said, â€Å"Here comes our escort.† Langdon looked up to see a Swiss Guard hurrying across an adjacent lawn toward the front door. When the guard saw them, he stopped in his tracks. He stared at them, as though he thought he was hallucinating. Without a word he turned away and pulled out his walkie-talkie. Apparently incredulous at what he was being asked to do, the guard spoke urgently to the person on the other end. The angry bark coming back was indecipherable to Langdon, but its message was clear. The guard slumped, put away the walkie-talkie, and turned to them with a look of discontent. Not a word was spoken as the guard guided them into the building. They passed through four steel doors, two passkey entries, down a long stairwell, and into a foyer with two combination keypads. Passing through a high-tech series of electronic gates, they arrived at the end of a long hallway outside a set of wide oak double doors. The guard stopped, looked them over again and, mumbling under his breath, walked to a metal box on the wall. He unlocked it, reached inside, and pressed a code. The doors before them buzzed, and the deadbolt fell open. The guard turned, speaking to them for the first time. â€Å"The archives are beyond that door. I have been instructed to escort you this far and return for briefing on another matter.† â€Å"You're leaving?† Vittoria demanded. â€Å"Swiss Guards are not cleared for access to the Secret Archives. You are here only because my commander received a direct order from the camerlegno.† â€Å"But how do we get out?† â€Å"Monodirectional security. You will have no difficulties.† That being the entirety of the conversation, the guard spun on his heel and marched off down the hall. Vittoria made some comment, but Langdon did not hear. His mind was fixed on the double doors before him, wondering what mysteries lay beyond. 47 Although he knew time was short, Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca walked slowly. He needed the time alone to gather his thoughts before facing opening prayer. So much was happening. As he moved in dim solitude down the Northern Wing, the challenge of the past fifteen days weighed heavy in his bones. He had followed his holy duties to the letter. As was Vatican tradition, following the Pope's death the camerlegno had personally confirmed expiration by placing his fingers on the Pope's carotid artery, listening for breath, and then calling the Pope's name three times. By law there was no autopsy. Then he had sealed the Pope's bedroom, destroyed the papal fisherman's ring, shattered the die used to make lead seals, and arranged for the funeral. That done, he began preparations for the conclave. Conclave, he thought. The final hurdle. It was one of the oldest traditions in Christendom. Nowadays, because the outcome of conclave was usually known before it began, the process was criticized as obsolete – more of a burlesque than an election. The camerlegno knew, however, this was only a lack of understanding. Conclave was not an election. It was an ancient, mystic transference of power. The tradition was timeless†¦ the secrecy, the folded slips of paper, the burning of the ballots, the mixing of ancient chemicals, the smoke signals. As the camerlegno approached through the Loggias of Gregory XIII, he wondered if Cardinal Mortati was in a panic yet. Certainly Mortati had noticed the preferiti were missing. Without them, the voting would go on all night. Mortati's appointment as the Great Elector, the camerlegno assured himself, was a good one. The man was a freethinker and could speak his mind. The conclave would need a leader tonight more than ever. As the camerlegno arrived at the top of the Royal Staircase, he felt as though he were standing on the precipice of his life. Even from up here he could hear the rumble of activity in the Sistine Chapel below – the uneasy chatter of 165 cardinals. One hundred sixty-one cardinals, he corrected. For an instant the camerlegno was falling, plummeting toward hell, people screaming, flames engulfing him, stones and blood raining from the sky. And then silence. When the child awoke, he was in heaven. Everything around him was white. The light was blinding and pure. Although some would say a ten year old could not possibly understand heaven, the young Carlo Ventresca understood heaven very well. He was in heaven right now. Where else would he be? Even in his short decade on earth Carlo had felt the majesty of God – the thundering pipe organs, the towering domes, the voices raised in song, the stained glass, shimmering bronze and gold. Carlo's mother, Maria, brought him to Mass every day. The church was Carlo's home. â€Å"Why do we come to Mass every single day?† Carlo asked, not that he minded at all. â€Å"Because I promised God I would,† she replied. â€Å"And a promise to God is the most important promise of all. Never break a promise to God.† Carlo promised her he would never break a promise to God. He loved his mother more than anything in the world. She was his holy angel. Sometimes he called her Maria benedetta – the Blessed Mary – although she did not like that at all. He knelt with her as she prayed, smelling the sweet scent of her flesh and listening to the murmur of her voice as she counted the rosary. Hail Mary, Mother of God†¦ pray for us sinners†¦ now and at the hour of our death. â€Å"Where is my father?† Carlo asked, already knowing his father had died before he was born. â€Å"God is your father, now,† she would always reply. â€Å"You are a child of the church.† Carlo loved that. â€Å"Whenever you feel frightened,† she said, â€Å"remember that God is your father now. He will watch over you and protect you forever. God has big plans for you, Carlo.† The boy knew she was right. He could already feel God in his blood. Blood†¦ Blood raining from the sky! Silence. Then heaven. His heaven, Carlo learned as the blinding lights were turned off, was actually the Intensive Care Unit in Santa Clara Hospital outside of Palermo. Carlo had been the sole survivor of a terrorist bombing that had collapsed a chapel where he and his mother had been attending Mass while on vacation. Thirty-seven people had died, including Carlo's mother. The papers called Carlo's survival The Miracle of St. Francis. Carlo had, for some unknown reason, only moments before the blast, left his mother's side and ventured into a protected alcove to ponder a tapestry depicting the story of St. Francis. God called me there, he decided. He wanted to save me. Carlo was delirious with pain. He could still see his mother, kneeling at the pew, blowing him a kiss, and then with a concussive roar, her sweet-smelling flesh was torn apart. He could still taste man's evil. Blood showered down. His mother's blood! The blessed Maria! God will watch over you and protect you forever, his mother had told him. But where was God now! Then, like a worldly manifestation of his mother's truth, a clergyman had come to the hospital. He was not any clergyman. He was a bishop. He prayed over Carlo. The Miracle of St. Francis. When Carlo recovered, the bishop arranged for him to live in a small monastery attached to the cathedral over which the bishop presided. Carlo lived and tutored with the monks. He even became an altar boy for his new protector. The bishop suggested Carlo enter public school, but Carlo refused. He could not have been more happy with his new home. He now truly lived in the house of God. Every night Carlo prayed for his mother. God saved me for a reason, he thought. What is the reason? When Carlo turned sixteen, he was obliged by Italian law to serve two years of reserve military training. The bishop told Carlo that if he entered seminary he would be exempt from this duty. Carlo told the priest that he planned to enter seminary but that first he needed to understand evil. The bishop did not understand. Carlo told him that if he was going to spend his life in the church fighting evil, first he had to understand it. He could not think of any better place to understand evil than in the army. The army used guns and bombs. A bomb killed my Blessed mother! The bishop tried to dissuade him, but Carlo's mind was made up. â€Å"Be careful, my son,† the bishop had said. â€Å"And remember the church awaits you when you return.† Carlo's two years of military service had been dreadful. Carlo's youth had been one of silence and reflection. But in the army there was no quiet for reflection. Endless noise. Huge machines everywhere. Not a moment of peace. Although the soldiers went to Mass once a week at the barracks, Carlo did not sense God's presence in any of his fellow soldiers. Their minds were too filled with chaos to see God. Carlo hated his new life and wanted to go home. But he was determined to stick it out. He had yet to understand evil. He refused to fire a gun, so the military taught him how to fly a medical helicopter. Carlo hated the noise and the smell, but at least it let him fly up in the sky and be closer to his mother in heaven. When he was informed his pilot's training included learning how to parachute, Carlo was terrified. Still, he had no choice. God will protect me, he told himself. Carlo's first parachute jump was the most exhilarating physical experience of his life. It was like flying with God. Carlo could not get enough†¦ the silence†¦ the floating†¦ seeing his mother's face in the billowing white clouds as he soared to earth. God has plans for you, Carlo. When he returned from the military, Carlo entered the seminary. That had been twenty-three years ago. Now, as Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca descended the Royal Staircase, he tried to comprehend the chain of events that had delivered him to this extraordinary crossroads. Abandon all fear, he told himself, and give this night over to God. He could see the great bronze door of the Sistine Chapel now, dutifully protected by four Swiss Guards. The guards unbolted the door and pulled it open. Inside, every head turned. The camerlegno gazed out at the black robes and red sashes before him. He understood what God's plans for him were. The fate of the church had been placed in his hands. The camerlegno crossed himself and stepped over the threshold. 48 BBC journalist Gunther Glick sat sweating in the BBC network van parked on the eastern edge of St. Peter's Square and cursed his assignment editor. Although Glick's first monthly review had come back filled with superlatives – resourceful, sharp, dependable – here he was in Vatican City on â€Å"Pope-Watch.† He reminded himself that reporting for the BBC carried a hell of a lot more credibility than fabricating fodder for the British Tattler, but still, this was not his idea of reporting. Glick's assignment was simple. Insultingly simple. He was to sit here waiting for a bunch of old farts to elect their next chief old fart, then he was to step outside and record a fifteen-second â€Å"live† spot with the Vatican as a backdrop. Brilliant. Glick couldn't believe the BBC still sent reporters into the field to cover this schlock. You don't see the American networks here tonight. Hell no! That was because the big boys did it right. They watched CNN, synopsized it, and then filmed their â€Å"live† report in front of a blue screen, superimposing stock video for a realistic backdrop. MSNBC even used in-studio wind and rain machines to give that on-the-scene authenticity. Viewers didn't want truth anymore; they wanted entertainment. Glick gazed out through the windshield and felt more and more depressed by the minute. The imperial mountain of Vatican City rose before him as a dismal reminder of what men could accomplish when they put their minds to it. â€Å"What have I accomplished in my life?† he wondered aloud. â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"So give up,† a woman's voice said from behind him. Glick jumped. He had almost forgotten he was not alone. He turned to the back seat, where his camerawoman, Chinita Macri, sat silently polishing her glasses. She was always polishing her glasses. Chinita was black, although she preferred African American, a little heavy, and smart as hell. She wouldn't let you forget it either. She was an odd bird, but Glick liked her. And Glick could sure as hell use the company. â€Å"What's the problem, Gunth?† Chinita asked. â€Å"What are we doing here?† She kept polishing. â€Å"Witnessing an exciting event.† â€Å"Old men locked in the dark is exciting?† â€Å"You do know you're going to hell, don't you?† â€Å"Already there.† â€Å"Talk to me.† She sounded like his mother. â€Å"I just feel like I want to leave my mark.† â€Å"You wrote for the British Tattler.† â€Å"Yeah, but nothing with any resonance.† â€Å"Oh, come on, I heard you did a groundbreaking article on the queen's secret sex life with aliens.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"Hey, things are looking up. Tonight you make your first fifteen seconds of TV history.† Glick groaned. He could hear the news anchor already. â€Å"Thanks Gunther, great report.† Then the anchor would roll his eyes and move on to the weather. â€Å"I should have tried for an anchor spot.† Macri laughed. â€Å"With no experience? And that beard? Forget it.† Glick ran his hands through the reddish gob of hair on his chin. â€Å"I think it makes me look clever.† The van's cell phone rang, mercifully interrupting yet another one of Glick's failures. â€Å"Maybe that's editorial,† he said, suddenly hopeful. â€Å"You think they want a live update?† â€Å"On this story?† Macri laughed. â€Å"You keep dreaming.† Glick answered the phone in his best anchorman voice. â€Å"Gunther Glick, BBC, Live in Vatican City.† The man on the line had a thick Arabic accent. â€Å"Listen carefully,† he said. â€Å"I am about to change your life.†

Homework Should Be Abolished Essay

It is a common emotion to students regarding the distaste of homework, but legions of teachers know better because they recognize the importance of homework in the success of students in school and outside of school. I completely disagree with the statement that homework should be abolished. School without homework is not an image I can fathom. There are many reasons why homework should not be abolished as it is greatly beneficial towards the student. Homework improves the stability of the student in school allowing them to spend their time wisely and not only focus on play. It allows the teacher to acknowledge the student’s weaknesses and in turn giving them an opportunity to improve and acquire new skills. Also, taking time each night to do homework is a chance for students to catch up on missed class and further reinforces the day’s lessons so it is permanently etched in the student’s mind where the information is stored and used when called upon. Several studies have proven that homework, in fact, does improve the stability of the student in school. This strengthens the statement that time spent completing homework is time well spent. Rather than giving students another hour of leisure time, doing homework entitles the student to an hour of enriched education. This can greatly benefit the student, as consistently finishing homework will reap great rewards such as a favorable test score or report card. Not only does homework accomplishment benefit the student, it also benefits the teacher as well. Teachers receive the opportunity to see at what stage the student is by assigning homework. Furthermore, the teacher can identify the weaknesses of the student so they can ameliorate their study habits in hopes of pulling their grades up. Many students chose not to say when they are experiencing difficulties and it is often up to the teacher to find out. Homework is not set out only to serve students, but it is also definitely aimed to help teachers gain insight on their student’s progress. Moreover, the meaning and goal of homework is profitable towards the students. It allows students who missed the day’s lesson to catch up with the rest of their classmates. Likewise, homework reinforces the new concepts taught that day and helps the student develop a deeper understanding of what they have learned. On the contrary, if teachers were to assign no homework daily, then the new ideas they have brought forth will fall on deaf ears and the students are the ones who lose out on the wondrous opportunity of learning something new. Are you ready to give up an opportunity where new notions are introduced and planted firmly within your mind? It is incredulous to suggest that homework should be abolished. Although many may hate the mention of homework, no one can deny the fact that homework’s benefits overshadow its cons. To put it succinctly, homework should not be abolished! It helps with time management and organization skills, allows teachers the opportunity to find their students weaknesses so that they can help them to improve and lastly, it helps to reinforce things taught in school and help to gain a better understanding of the new ideas and concepts taught, engraving it inside students memories forever.

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Proposal Argument (a problem that relates to your local community or college campus and that you can provide a reasonable solution to) - Essay Example Core classes at ASU have a description that relates the competencies of the course and introduces the student to that subject as it is deemed a core competency for educated individuals. However, evolution has placed the economy in a turbulence that has redirected everything from education, to work and even the way the home is being operated. There is a shift in the way that business and home are functioning and this shift has to be prepared for on every level of life including the educational level. Although big business is one way of webbing the world together, it is a huge slice of the problem existing on an international scale in the business and well as the private sector. It is no secret that big business provide jobs, however they also slash the body of the economy with a gash that can not be mended with stitches or sutures. For example, examine the impact that a mega store such as Walmart has on a local economy. While it does provide convenient shopping, which in turn can provide cheaper prices, it is conglomerated of several small businesses which stifle the small business sector rendering the small business sector unable to compete. Along with knocking the small business out of the competitive ranks, it also provide jobs that may pay less than their counterpart small business would pay their employees which hurts the economy as well. According to the article, Wal-mart and County Wide Poverty by Stephen J. Goetz and Hema Swaminathan the low wages that Walmart pay their employees only contribute to the poverty level of that county in which that Walmart is located (3). Big business is the current wave of the economy and educational institutions must identify how to compete against big business and provide learning tools to spark the entrepreneur sector to fire up small business. Along with the return of small business, there should be a fundamental understanding that the inter-connected global economy is the wave of the future so there

International mobility and global talent management Essay

International mobility and global talent management - Essay Example As per the company policy, it also ascribes to corporate social responsibility by pledging allegiance to sustainable communities, environment conservation and a broad based development of the societies in which it operates (Coca Cola 2011: Online). The thrust of the HR is to develop a trusted pool of global leaders. The objective of this essay is to analyze as to how Coca Cola manages its diversified operations in a globalized world, while being sensitive to local social, environmental, legal and regulatory expectations and norms. Corporate Vision As per Muhtar Kent, the Chairman and CEO of the Coca Cola Company, in a contemporary context, the primary objective of the company is to produce and sell brands that are trusted and respected around the world (Coca Cola 2011: Online). Thus, the goal of the company is to respond to the changes taking place in the region specific markets by creating a decentralized organizational structure and by respecting and exploiting local expertise and knowledge (Coca Cola 2011: Online). To accomplish this mission, it is imperative for Coca Cola, to make sure that its managers and personnel placed around the world share a common vision and concern, while customizing their approach as per the local requirements and preferences (Coca Cola 2011: Online). ... 113). So managing its human resources operating in more than 195 countries, with the accompanying individual aspirations and mobility requirements has always been considered a big challenge at Coca Cola (Anfuso 1994, p. 114). Thus, talent management is a core strategic issue for Coca Cola, going by the fact that more than eight percent of its income accrues from overseas sales (Anfuso 1994, p. 116). Coca Cola has 25 operating divisions spanning across six regional groups (Anfuso 1994, p. 115). Each division is expected to operate on its own while exploiting its global skills and adapting them to local knowledge and values (Anfuso 1994, p. 115). Coca Cola encourages its expatriate managers to practice local responsiveness, while assuring global integration (Anfuso 1994, p. 115). The managers based at each division are expected to act as if the division has to sustain on its own, while benefiting from the leverage associated with being tagged to a truly global group (Anfuso 1994, p. 11 5). The work culture at Coca Cola is one of diversity (Anfuso 1994, p. 117). The role of HR at Coca Cola is to extend broad philosophies oriented around essentially human issues, while helping local leaders to customize and implement these philosophies as they find suitable for the region in which they operate (Anfuso 1994, p. 117). The thrust of Coca Cola has always been to develop a sound global leadership base that is willing to and deft at adapting to the regional cultural, legal and regulatory variations. Thrust on Global Leadership The talent management approach at Coca Cola has a discernable predilection for developing global leaders (Bass 2007, p. 36). The point is not only to develop leaders who are good at managing global operations, but who are also good at

Module 4,5,& 7 Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 4,5,& 7 Strategic Management - Essay Example Geographically, U.S. entertainment / gaming spread is limited, basically, to Las Vegas, Illinois, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Atlantic City. City councils, reluctant to provide development properties and licenses to casinos / hotels, constitute a major drawback for entertainment / gaming industry’s expansion plans. Expanding abroad is one strategy entertainment / gaming major players resort to in order to make up for slowing returns inside and to avoid prolonged licensing procedures. Further, given heavy investments in real estate developments, a typical entertainment industry strategy for growth (Ross, Keeffe, & Middlebrook, 2006), market expansion based on property development is both an opportunity during booms and a threat during recessions and economic down turns (Stein, 2009). Given no public mission statement exists for Mandalay Resort Group, Mandalay’s vision should build upon company’s founders’ conception of fun, play, and entertainment. Future actions by Mandalay should center on insights possibly translated into following set of goals and objectives: 1. Expanding on concept of â€Å"entertainment† such as to, on one hand, approach â€Å"gaming† players (e.g. Nintendo) whose main target (teens, young adults, and family) borders on Mandalay’s (e.g. themed parks, play areas, and â€Å"low roller† clients) and to move away from wrong-doing characterization associated with gaming and gambling industry upon entering markets (e.g. Middle East) whose local cultures regard gaming – and enjoyment of it – as sinful, on another. 3. Investing wise in real estate developments especially in local market (i.e. U.S.) in which gains achieved during booms cannot be guaranteed at sustainable levels during recessions and downturns – let alone negative public image impressions of a luxurious facility / development, working great as fun and entertainment destinations during booms, but questioned as extravagancies and spoils during hard

American Vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Vision - Essay Example Tom Cruise may be really interested in his acting that it may seem like he is just playing. But nevertheless, he is paid for it. The teacher on the other hand, may hate what he is doing. As such it may be considered as labor. However, for the purposes of this discussion, let us assume that he loves teaching as much as Tom Cruise loves his acting. Since we have stated that both actor and teaches is both working and loving what their doing, let us compare their earnings. The teacher earns $25,000 in a year. The movie actor could earn $15 million in three weeks. Obviously, being an actor is more lucrative. Hence the question now presented to us is whether or not this inequitable distribution of wealth is just. To answer this question, we must determine the factors that contribute to why each is paid that way. Firstly, we must look at the nature of their work. The work of the teacher has a more lasting and significant effect as it shapes the mind of the children. It is very important that they do their jobs well as the future of the kids and consequently of this nation, lies on their hands. On the other hand, the work of the actor only has an aesthetic and entertainment value. While "The Arts" is important, it is not as crucial as the work of an educator. The influence of the teacher on the lives of their students is direct, immediate and enduring. The teacher has the power to shape an individual, while the actor is not. We can see here that the disparity in their earnings does not depend on the effect of their jobs. Thus, we move on to looking at the skill required to perform their work. The teacher studied for years to be able to do what he is doing. The actor on the other hand, need not attend formal education. But this does not mean that he did not engage in activities to improve his acting skills. An actor may attend workshops or take on smaller roles for smaller pay. An actor may undergo painful cosmetic surgeries, take in cruel criticisms for his work and sacrifice their private lives. Though their efforts may be different, it would be unfair to suppose that, compared to the teacher, the actor worked less to get to where he is now. Thus, it would be safe to assume that they worked just as hard. However, an actor like Tom Cruise does not only depend on his acting skills. Most of his earnings are attributed to the fact that he is who he is. If a producer requires Tom Cruise to star in the movie, no one else can fill that spot. If an advertiser wants Tom Cruise to endorse their product, no one other than Tom Cruise can do the job. As such, the work of Tom Cruise requires a special skill, talent and personality. On the other hand, the job of the teacher is less unique. While it takes a lot of study to become one, as long as one is diligent enough to finish one's studies, get the proper licenses and qualifications, one may become a teacher too. As such, the teacher in our example may be replaced by another teacher with the same qualification. Joseph A. Schumpeter said that competition is a factor that may dictate prices. To apply it in the case presented, Tom Cruise has no competition in his field as there is no other Tom Cruise. This allows him to dictate the price of his service. He can demand as much as $15 million dollars for three weeks work in a movie. On the other hand, our teacher has lots of competition. Even if he is really good in his work, there is only so much that he can demand. Otherwise, he would be replaced by

Outlined based on the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Outlined based on the questions - Essay Example Experience Design According to Norman (2004) human beings develops psychological attraction to different things depending on the way they interact with them in everyday life. Different items play different roles and influence the way their owners perceive them. Norman further argues that those who possess such items are envious of them and respect for the purpose they serve. Therefore, the ways in which different things are useful influence the individuals’ emotional attraction to those items. Such items should be designed in such a way that they will be able to serve their intended purpose. Norman further suggest that greater efficiency of different items to serve the purpose they were meant to serve will attract greater affection from those who posses them. Some items also reveal social and economic status of individuals. These items becomes valuable to such individuals by the virtue of personal memories they generate to people who posses them (Norman, 2004). These items may be kept for remembrance of previous occurrences though they may serve any other purpose in the human life. They may appear useless to other people, but they are very essential to those who possess them. Therefore, such people feel intensely attached to those items which invoke their feelings about some past encounters. According to Norman (2004), the functionality of objects according to human outlook influences their psychological affection towards those objects. Norman argues that individual insight determines how they interact with different things. For example, a person expects a machine to function in a certain way and incase it fails to do so, this may result to emotional detachment. It is for this reason that Norman states those machines such as computers and others which people interact with on a day to day life should be designed with emotions to echo the human feelings. However, since these machines are used for specific purposes only, they will have a limit on extent to which they can forge human feelings. They will only influence human emotions to the extent in which they anticipated to perform a certain job. In essence, the author is implying that human feelings should be reflected in the kind of items they possess and in the way they handle and display those possessions (Norman, 2004). These activities will manifest human emotional attraction to those items they own. Similarly, the efficiency of performance of the things we use will influence the psychological attraction of the user towards them. When objects are functioning effectively, they appeal to their users who then develop close intimacy with those items. However, if those items fail to perform as expected, they will cause annoyance to the user who loses emotional feelings for them and may even smash them. The Philosopher's Tool Kit When people listen to the others talking or other sources of sounds, they definitely hear what they would like to hear. Though there are many sounds emanatin g from various sources at the same time, individuals become so discerning with what they want to listen to and will filter out things of less concern to them. The sense of hearing becomes an instrument which enables individuals to figure themselves in the public domain. Through hearing, individuals appreciate the beauty of different things and are able to like or dislike various things from

A Mobile Application for Home Depot case analyses Essay

A Mobile Application for Home Depot case analyses - Essay Example The Home Depot application comes with a technology that is embedded in hand held mobile devices. The mobility of the devices creates a great platform for customers to be able to locate any product wherever they are easily, this helps in reducing the time required to locate any particular product. In addition, the workforce required will dramatically reduce. This aspect will have social as well as economic consequences. Retrenchment of employees will have long reaching implications to their families. However, the company stands to maximise their profits given that the devices will be applicable for long periods without the need to replace them. The networking of the mobile devices is very beneficial since the associates have a platform to keep track of the stocks of the company. Networking helps the management in evaluating the demand of particular goods and services. At the comfort of their offices the associates are capable of getting real time data about the goods that have a high frequency of sales. The summarised information is very helpful in helping the management in making instant decisions that facilitate instant decision making. However, the software will require periodic advancement to cope with changing demands and needs. The devices will also need to be upgraded after a period of time that guarantees the phasing out of the technology with a better one. The cost implications thereof should also be considered. The storage capacity of the devices can be a challenge. Large memory storage devices will be required to accommodate the massive data generated in the operations. The acquisition of the devices and the memory storage will cost the organisation but the benefits are far beyond the cost. The process of implementing the wholesome idea should be gradual with each specific step conducted in a way that promotes effective cost reduction and the

Why did Progressive reformers believe it essential to curb the power Essay

Why did Progressive reformers believe it essential to curb the power of American capitalism Were they right - Essay Example Reformers comprised of both women and men emanating from various social classes, occupations as well as races who felt regime’s traditional attitudes were inapplicable comparable to harsh conditions, which Americans during then experienced on daily basis. This was contrary to what the then government, which through the constitution claimed to offer its citizens. During then, Americans were not only experiencing poverty due to permanent wage limit policies but also majority working in extremely deplorable conditions coupled with child labor. Therefore, social, economical and political inequalities convinced Progressive Reformers into believing their quest in curbing American capitalism was right, which I also concur with due to the then inapplicable policies whose aim encompassed protecting only the well-heeled people. Reformers in their quest to ensure welfare of the entire public, â€Å"revolted† to end inefficiencies in the central regime, corrupt political machines a nd improving people’s living standards. ... because they believed that the government should be made up of the working-class people (Lecture notes, 7 October 2013).† Since, this will ensure equality in the entire state besides preventing the affluent from exploiting less privileged people, which is contrary to what they did before inception of new rules through influencing economic policies in their favor. Industrial moguls due to the regime’s laxity and numerous benefits, which they enjoyed while in their quest to augment respective profitability rates, resulted to processing poor quality products to the then unsuspecting consumers. Hence, plants exposing lives of numerous unsuspecting citizens to risks especially food industry, which supplied low quality, canned meat. This is evident in Sinclair’s book citing how plants processing meat, â€Å"†¦..it was the custom, as they found, whenever meat was so spoiled that it could not be used for anything else, either to can it or else to chop it up into sau sage† (Sinclair 164). Consequently, revealing utter state of inhuman on the part of industrial moguls who employed chemistry tactics to process meat that had decayed. This was by rubbing meat with soda to eliminate bad odor and sell it to free lunch counters where ordinary citizens used to frequent (Sinclair 164). Consequently, this prompted to the institution ofâ€Å"†¦.The Meat Inspection Act strengthened requirements for sanitary conditions in packing houses and required the inspection of meat for interstate commerce (Mooney, 71)†. The aim of this act ensured the quality of meat supplied to the consumer was of good condition besides meeting the already set standards outlined by regime. Reformers felt the state during then had to be free from any sinister influences whereby their ambitions aimed at

5 Reason to Have a Master in Public Administration Essay Example for Free

5 Reason to Have a Master in Public Administration Essay 5 reasons why a Masters in Public Administration is vital in todays business A Masters in Public Administration is a very important program from a society’s perspective. The aspirants who wish to make a key contribution to the society and are motivated to doing something socially meaningful a Masters in Public Administration can be the ideal degree for them to pursue. A Masters in Public Administration is vital for the business and the economy for several reasons. Here are some of the reasons that make this program significant: Public Administration is critical to creating a sound administrative infrastructure for the society. Business and industry in any country can prosper only if there is a strong foundation of basic social facilities and systems in the country. All institutions of national and local governance, internal security and public welfare must be strong enough to ensure that people can conduct their businesses or pursue their occupations without any hurdles or hindrances. A Masters in Public Administration creates professionals who address these issues and create a sound administrative infrastructure. Public Administration facilitates interaction between professionals and government officials in policy matters. If a public administration official has a Masters in Public Administration, he can deal with the government officials effectively and provide creative inputs in the matter of developing public policies and programs for the larger benefit of the society, and creating good conditions for a prosperous business and economy. A Masters in Public Administration can be useful within the government and also for the corporate world. The government can hire such professionally qualified individuals to assist in the matters of policy formation and implementation. They can bring new ideas and strategies to deal with the issues of public welfare successfully. Even in the corporate sector, the large companies prefer to hire candidates with this qualification so that they can engage with the government officials on various policy issues concerning the business and industry. See more: My Writing Process Essay A Masters in Public Administration helps to shape the overall public policy that benefits the consumers, new entrepreneurs and business organizations at large. That creates a thriving environment for growth of business and industry. In the times of economic stagnation, an efficient Public Administration becomes even more vital to the survival of business. In such conditions, the government and public administration offices are expected to play a key role to bring back the macro economy to the levels of normalcy. That helps business and trade to survive during the tough economic times, and pull through without resulting in a situation of massive job losses and economic crisis for the people of the country.

Euthyphro And Failure Of Definition

Euthyphro And Failure Of Definition In the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro contemplate over what is piety. What makes something pious and what makes something impious, thats the question throughout the text, but it all comes down to the value of a definition. In the end its uncertain whether piety is even defined and agreed by both sides. Socrates though develops criteria of a definition and ethical values on his own in the process of questioning of piety. Socrates talks about value conflicts and whether or not there is a resolution to them. The first question asked about piety from Socrates, Euthyphro says Very well, I say that whats pious is precisely what Im doing now: prosecuting those who commit an injustice, such as murder or temple robbery (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 102). Euthyphro first claim is incomplete form of definition. Socrates rejects Euthyphros claim. Socrates says You see my friend, you didnt teach me adequately earlier when I asked what pious was, but you told me that what youre doing is pious, prosecuting you father for murder (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). It has to be applicable or common to all purposes, conditions, or situations, which is universal. I agree with Socrates because Euthyphros claim is more of an example, rather a definition. A book could be a cook book but you wouldnt say a cookbook to define what a book is because it wouldnt make any logical sense and frankly not universal. In order for a definition to be real, it must contain essence, the characteristic something has to happen to be that kind of thing, and a model, a standard basis of comparison. Socrates says Then teach me what the characteristic itself is, in order that by concentrating on it and using it as a model (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). A proper definition should have a characteristic that is used every time you define that something, and if does not contain that characteristic then it isnt that something. A model is simply just a comparison of what it is and its opposites. Euthyphro says In that case: whats loved by the god is pious and whats not loved by the gods is impious (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). In the beginning of text, Euthyphro mentioned that the gods quarrel therefore Socrates says And havent we also said that the gods quarrel, and differ with one another, and thats mutual hostility among them (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). If the gods differ, then they all dont agree. Pious can be god-loved and god-hated, because gods do differ and dont all agree. Just like human beings, gods can have conflict s and become enemies if theyre not settlement. Whats right and wrong shouldnt be determined by gods and religion because value conflicts can occur between gods or within a religion. Socrates supports my claim by saying Then the same things, it seems, are both hated and loved by the gods, and so the same things would be both god-hated and god-loved (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 104). Euthyphro says But Socrates, I think that on this point, at least, none of the gods do differ- that anyone who has unjustly killed another should be punished(Cohen, Curd, and Reve 105). Even if the gods do agree that murder is wrong, they still do disagree on something. Gods find themselves in value conflicts in which someones beliefs/ethics in right and wrong contradicts with other beliefs/ethics. When a criminal is indicted, they are not fighting whether what they did is right and wrong, they simply just denying acting unjustly. By denying to act unjustly, their simply trying to do lesser their punishment. So crates says So they dont argue that someone who acts unjustly should not be punished, though they do, perhaps argue about who acted unjustly, what his unjust action consisted of, and when he did it. The facts of the case are whats questioned and argued about in court cases. Right and wrong is not stable when it comes to opinions; people use more of their own opinions and values to determine whats right and wrong. When people relate to their own opinions of whats right and wrong, value conflicts can occur and lead to no resolution. People can believe in absolutism, which believe certain actions are absolutely right or wrong, regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them. Euthyphro easily would like to accept pious and impious they way he defined it but Socrates continues to question and use logical contradiction. Just because something is agreed though doesnt make it morally right. Socrates insist though if pious is really whats god-loved and i mpious is god-hated he said Consider the following: is the pious loved by the gods because it pious? Or is it pious because its loved (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 106)? Both Socrates and Euthyphro agree that gods love pious because its pious, but yet in the earlier statement made by Euthyphro he believed whats god-loved is pious. It simply doesnt make sense because each contradicts itself and doesnt define piety. If gods love lying than its pious, if gods love murder its pious, and if the gods love anything its pious, that statement is just to abstract. Euthyphro then define piety as being holiness. What exactly makes someone holiness? The question in the texts is being questioned by another question. Holiness is believed by Euthyphro to be tending to the gods. Socrates says Then if piety is tending to the gods, does it benefit the gods and make the gods better (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 111)? What exactly does the god benefit from humans? Horse trainers tend a horse and make it faster, a far mer tends farm to grow the plants, and a dog trainer tends a dog so it can act more appropriately. Euthyphro is unable to give a clear answer to Socrates of what the gods benefit from humans but says the things that are pleasing to the gods in prayer and sacrificethose are the ones that are pious (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 112). Praying is simply asking the gods and sacrificing is giving to the gods. Socrates says So, on that account, piety would be knowing how to ask from the gods and how to give to them (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 112)? If the gods give us stuff we benefit from, what can humans possibly give them to their benefit? I believe its more of a trade, but I feel what we give them is not equal to what they give us. Socrates says Then piety, Euthyphro, would be a sort of expertise in mutual trading between gods and men (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). But like I said, I dont believe they can benefit from humans, and that we get the better out of the trade. Socrates brings up But how ar e they benefited by what they receive from us? Or do we get so much the better of them in the trade that we receive all our goods things from them while they receive nothing from us (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Its unclear what the gods benefit from. Euthyphro says What else do you think but honor and reverence (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Honor and reverence is what the gods benefit from us through trade. Pleasing the gods is simply honor and reverence, and honor and reverence being from sacrificing, piety can be claimed to be beneficial to gods. I feel there its not relevant to say what benefits someone ultimately is loved by someone, thats because my right and wrongs is more developed through opinions and values. But Socrates says So is the pious pleasing to the gods, Euthyphro, but not beneficial to them or loved by them(Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Euthyphro replies No, I think thats its in fact the most loved of all (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Pious is now again what is loved by the gods. In previous statements, that whats loved by the gods cant be used to define piety because it contradicts itself with the presentation of conflicts. Piety is still undefined. The Euthyphro ends where it begins, with no clarification of piety. Socrates continually reject Euthyphtos claims because he applied his mind to the matter in many ways to find the truth compared and followed ethical relativism, while Euthyphro was more absolutism, in which he already established his own truth and rather then questioning, he accepted what he believed in. Throughout the text there wasnt full clarity what pious and impious. For a definition to be accurate, it has to be universal, a model, and have essence. If Euthyphro didnt know full clarity he would of never ventured to prosecute his own father. Socrates questioning lead to answers, but not the one he wanted. Socrates found out about ethical values of relativism and absolutism. People shouldnt set their right and wrongs based on gods and religions, because gods disagree amongst themselves. Socrates doesnt leave the reader with any insight on how to resolve value conflicts but gives more insi ght on understanding them and how value conflicts develop. I believe the Euthyphro is actually a value conflict. It ends with no agreement just like a conflict of value.

Hiring employees

Hiring employees factors when deciding the most effective way to assess the suitability of job applicant for vacancy. traditional unstructured interview most common but least effective, why still relied on by managers during selection process, and how to make selection process more effective? Explain best approach to making sound selection decisions and justify Hiring employees effectively is vital to the survival of any organisation. The hiring process consists of soliciting potential candidates during recruitment and then determining the best candidates to be employees during the selection process. The selection process, in particular, enables organisations to build and maintain a productive and motivated workforce that will be the key to their success. The objective of the selection process is to enable valid predictions of performance and effective employee decisions in potential employees. Mistakes in selection could have terrible consequences on the organisation. For example, if a company hires someone who does not have people skills and place him in customer services, it could result in loss of future sales. Therefore, it is in an organisations interest to make sound selection decisions and make the selection process as objective and scientific as possible. Any recruitment and selection process usually begins with the applicant indicating their formal interest in the vacancy. After that, there are several selection systems employed by organisations. Methods include interviews, psychological tests and performance tests. These are designed to assess the candidates knowledge, skills, personality and attitudes. Each of these methods has their strengths and weaknesses, and when evaluating each method, one should consider its practicality, sensitivity, legality, reliability and validity. Interviews are the most widely used method in the selection process, but also one of the least effective. According to the a CIPD survey from 2009, competency-based interviews is the most used method (69%), while interviews following a biographical CV and structured interviews ranked second and third respectively. Anderson (1992) summarised that interviews remain popular because of their social functions of selling, persuading and negotiating, their acceptability to interviewers and candidates, and also due to time and cost constraints. Unstructured interviews have many weaknesses and limitations, including stereotyping, the similar-to-me effect, the personal liking effect, the primary effect, and the contrast effect. Structured interviews in the form of situational interviews and behavioural interviews have proved to be more effective than unstructured ones. Behavioural interviews asking candidates how have performed in the past give good indications of how they will perform in the future. Situational interviews can find out more specifically how candidates would respond to a particular situation relevant to the job. These two types of interviews also obtain more consistent information for comparison as the same questions are asked of all candidates. Consequently, the structured approach has been criticised by Anderson (1992) as being inflexible and reduce the role of the interviewer to a mere administrator of questions, leading to potential resentment. Another selection method is psychological testing. These include cognitive tests of ability, numeracy and literacy, and personality measures. They are professionally developed and therefore checked for validity and reliability. This method is also scientific and objective, and increases the validity of selection decisions. Factors which cannot be measured through interview can also be tested in this way. This method is mostly used by larger organisations. However, racial and ethnic bias is a concern for this type of tests. Personality tests that use frameworks such as Big Five can capture up to 75% of a candidates personality. Emotional stability is an especially important trait to be tested. Performance tests require candidates to perform the job in a short period of time. These are done either by work samples or assessment centres. Work samples can give good indication with high validity of how well the candidate can perform at the job if they are designed well. However these are costly to design and must be specific to each job, having to be modified as the job changes. Assessment centres are also expensive. They assess a number of candidates together using multiple methods. New advances in technology are rapidly changing the selection process. The weighted application blank (WAB) captures data using a standardised application form and assigns weighted values to each question depending on the employee characteristic to be measured. The resulting score will then be used in making the selection decision. A study by Kaak et al. (1998) reported that the WAB is an effective selection tool that can distinguish good performers and can reduce turnover rate in the hospitality industry. It is an objective and scientific tool, and proves to be cost and time efficient once the scoring system has been established. In addition, many researchers have concluded that biodata is one of the best selection devices for predicting employee performance and turnover (Harold et al., 2006; Ployhart et al., 2006). Biodata is the life historical events that may contribute to shaping of the candidates preferences, attitudes and personality traits. Work sample and ability tests have the highest validities of over 0.4 while biodata, assessment centres and structured interviews follow closely behind. Other methods such as unstructured interviews and personality tests have lower levels of validity. Therefore, to make sound selection decisions, an organisation should use methods of high validity, taking into considering how cost efficient it is with the number of candidate expected.

milan music :: essays research papers

Objective description: The music is so abstract, it’s almost as if some people just got together randomly and decided to make some noise. It’s sometimes calming and sometimes stressful. It’s like a call and response music, one section makes a noise and the other sections respond accordingly with a similar sounding rhythm, very interesting to listen to. Steel drums, chimes, drums, drones, flutes, and some other instruments, not even sure what the names are. I have heard them before but do not know the name. There are different types of steel drums giving out different pitches and resonations. This music is just so abstract and unlike music today. No music I listen to can compare to this type of abstract material. The most prominent thing to me in this music is the rhythm. It’s not a mono rhythm; it’s more of an ever-changing rhythm which makes me try to pick up a new one every change of the call and response. I hear a very polyphony texture with man y different instruments playing at once or responding to each others calls. The piece does not use repetition as songs do today but the way they come back to the main rhythm is somewhat of a repeat. They just call out a rhythm and then someone tries to repeat it. This music is awkward to listen to at first but the second or third song I got really used to the abstract interactions the different instruments had with each other. Functional description: Gamelan music is a way of making social groups. Gamelan music is performed as a group effort, and so there is no place for an individual showoff. Traditionally, gamelan is only played at certain occasions such as ritual ceremonies, special community celebrations, shadow puppet shows, and for the royal family. Gamelan is also used to accompany dances in court, temple, and village rituals. Besides providing music for social functional ceremonies, gamelan also provides a livelihood for many professional musicians, and for specialized craftsmen who manufacture gamelan. I took a class at Sonoma and was somewhat familiar with this type or music but before that I had no prior experience with the music. The music grew on me over time and became less awkward. Its not something I would choose to listen to but it’s a good sense of what music around the world has to offer those of us in the United states that are not open-minded to other cultures music.

Gilgameshs Heroism Essay -- World Literature Epic of Gilgamesh

A hero is someone who tries the best to help everyone and will do everything in his or her power to help out another person. The term hero means different things to different people. Today many people believe that a hero is a person who can accomplish what others can not or a person who puts themselves on the line for the other people. Men, women and children can all be heroes if they truly feel in their hearts the need to help others in even the smallest ways. In our modern world heroes are defined in so many ways. Anyone can be a hero, a best friend, a devoted mother/father, a teacher, etc. On the other hand, in the older days, before laws and technology, heroes were the men who fought against evil things, who rescue damsels in distress; they were the manly men, the king's knights, god like creatures, brave warriors. As criteria for any epic story a hero must be involved in the story. Furthermore, these heroes had to meet also specific criteria. The definition of an ancient time hero is very different than a hero today. Above all, he should be a skilled warrior, who had to respect authority, both governmental and religious. Around the time that the epic called "Gilgamesh" was written heroes were considered to be the men who helped or did virtuous deeds for many people. The Mesopotamians thought a hero was someone with courage and bravery, who rise above all of the normal people. They were considered to be the part of God. The Epic of Gilgamesh centers on Gilgamesh, a man with superhuman qualities who struggles and searches for immortality and knowledge. Moreover the epic is about his grown to full maturity through this quest. Therefore who exactly is a hero and what is the role of the hero? In this paper the term "Heroism... ...mes a better individual, and it is all of the work he did after that moment that has made him be recognized as a hero. Gilgamesh is more of a hero because once he realizes that he could be doing better things for other people he changes his actions. Enkidu is a hero but not on purpose. He is created as a hero on the other hand, his own conscious, his own choices make him more humane, and he has changed his primitive way of living. In conclusion, "The Epic of Gilgamesh" is a story about the meaning of being a human. Like most people of today Gilgamesh is not discover that meaning until the later part of his life. It is sad to think that most of the people in our contemporary world are to caught up being "successful" that they stop searching for a purpose in life aside from themselves. Gilgamesh is a hero because he saw the flaws and decides to eliminate them.

Labeling Theory :: Labeling Theory in Sociology

"Deviance, like beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder. There is nothing inherently deviant in any human act, something is deviant only because some people have been successful in labeling it so." – J.L. Simmons INTRODUCTION Labelling theory, stemming from the influences of Cooley, Mead, Tannenbaum, and Lemert, has its origins somewhere within the context of the twentieth century. However, Edwin Lemert is widely considered the producer and founder of the original version of labelling theory. This paper, not a summary, provides a brief history of labelling theory, as well as, its role in the sociology of deviance. It attempts to explore the contributions made by labelling theorists, the criticism towards labelling theorists, and the discussion surrounding its reality as an actual theory. In essence, the main focus of this paper besides proving an understanding of Howard Becker, is to describe and evaluate `labelling theory` to the study of crime and deviance, by way of an in depth discussion. THEORETICAL IMAGES The theoretical study of societal reaction to deviance has been carried out under different names, such as, labelling theory, interactionist perspective, and the social constructionist perspective. In the sociology of deviance, the labelling theory of deviant behaviour is often used interchangeably with the societal reaction theory of deviancy. As a matter of fact, both phrases point equally to the fact that sociological explanations of deviance function as a product of social control rather than a product of psychology or genetic inheritance. Some sociologists would explain deviance by accepting without question definitions of deviance and concerning themselves with primary aetiology. However, labelling theorists stress the point of seeing deviance from the viewpoint of the deviant individual. They claim that when a person becomes known as a deviant, and is ascribed deviant behaviour patterns, it is as much, if not more, to do with the way they have been stigmatized, then the devian t act they are said to have committed. In addition, Howard S. Becker (1963), one of the earlier interaction theorists, claimed that, "social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infraction constitute deviance, and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders". Furthermore, the labelling theoretical approach to deviance concentrates on the social reaction to deviance committed by individuals, as well as, the interaction processes leading up to the labelling. INFLUENCES Labelling theory was significantly influenced by the Chicago School and Symbolic Interactionism.

Organizatinal Commitment and Communication Paper

Organizational Commitment and Communication Starbucks is committed to displaying leadership, power, and motivation within its organization. Howard Schultz the owner of Starbucks has worked hard to develop a beneficial program that would draw top people who were eager to work for Starbucks while displaying an act of commitment to excellence.This analysis will explain how different leadership styles would affect group communication in your chosen organization; analyze the different sources of power found in the organization and how might the different sources of power affect group and organization communication, identify the motivational theories that would be effective within that culture, evaluate the role of communication as an element of these theories, and describe the commitment of the workforce to the organization and their relationship to the organization’s communication.The leadership styles, power tactic, form of motivation and level of commitment all have a significan t impact on the development of an organization. The way in which leaders communicate these methods plays a key role in the success of an organization (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Starbucks success is due to its great degree of it leaders and employees and their communication with each other and with its customers. The CEO of Starbucks, Howard Schultz is known for having a charismatic leadership style.Charismatic leaders tend to be more effective in his or her leadership style â€Å"because these leaders inspire lots of enthusiasm in their teams and are very energetic in driving others forward† (Mind Tools 1996). Possessing the Charismatic Leadership style, CEO Howard Schultz has enabled Starbucks to be one of the leading coffee retailers by being committed to communicate with its employees and create a rewarding and honest relationship. The transformational leadership style â€Å"has many similarities to the charismatic style.Transformational leaders provide a vision, seek high expectations, promote trust, and give personal attention to the employees. Transformational leaders focus on setting goals and articulating those goals to the employees, instilling commitment to the vision and creating mutual trust† (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Starbucks known success is due to its partners know as its employees and its customers. That is why the transformational leadership style is recognized at Starbucks because of their developed business processes and the power tactic used that ensure organizational culture of the company.Power â€Å"refers to a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B sot that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes† (Robbins & Judge, 2007). There are different sources of power utilized by Starbuck which are expert and reward power. â€Å"Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge† (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz stands behind its organization and u pholds its reputation for the finest coffee in the world and that is why it is one of the leading companies in the coffee industry.Collective efforts are amplified by its legendary customer service and highest integrity. â€Å"Reward power is compliance achieved based on the ability to distribute rewards that others views are valuable† (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Starbucks is about providing top quality customer service which stems from its employees (partners). Starbucks is about treating each other with respect and dignity and when employees adhere to the rules and regulations that go to show the type of employees Starbucks hires.Starbucks encourages its employee’s feedback and offers incentives to its employees which motivate the employees of Starbucks to display top quality customer service that matters to the public. The level of power is evident in Starbucks through its open communication with its manager, employees, and customers. Starbucks has exemplified a busine ss out of people connection through community involvement and various cultures. Starbucks organization is a prime example of a people-oriented business motivated to be the top selling business in its industry.Many of Starbucks motivational approaches can be found in the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Starbucks approach to motivate its employees are based on the fundamentals of Starbucks providing its employee a prestigious work environment, treating everyone with respect and dignity, with equality, and challenging each other to excel at the best of his or her abilities. Starbucks company culture which focuses on respect, integrity, and communication encourages open line of communication with a clear understanding of positive and negative actions.Starbucks workplace environment focuses on how they treat one another, how customers are treated, diversity, workplace health, safety, and security, and Starbucks quality and customer protection. Starbucks is committed to excellence and displaying legendary customer service which is top priority at Starbucks. Starbucks employee workforce manages and maintains a high level of expertise and treats its customers as they treat each other, with respect and dignity.Starbucks also has an obligation to ensure that Starbucks is a great place to work for all partners. Starbucks atmosphere is motivated by greeting each customer that walks through the door. To obtain this type of environment stems from the leadership roles in place and the drive to remain at its best behavior. Starbucks is committed to developing innovative and flexible change. Each employee is empowered, have a responsibility, have helped, and have a voice at Starbucks. It is about unity at Starbucks and its communication skills are critically important.In conclusion This analysis explained how different leadership styles would affect group communication; analyzed the different sources of power found and how might the different sources of power affect group and organization communication, identified the motivational theories that would be effective within that culture, evaluated the role of communication as an element of thee theories, and described the commitment of the workforce to the organization and their relationship to the organization’s communication. In order for Starbucks to remain competitive its workforce has to remain empowered

History of the Guidance Movement Essay

C areer counselor was send-off introduced in the archeozoic 1900 as vocational counseling it was used as a office to end privation during the conviction when nightspot was in uproar over a demising sparing. This cutting profession was described by historians as a progressive genial reform ordure aimed at eradicating poverty and substandard living conditions spawned by the rapid industrialization and consequent migration of slew to study urban centers at the function of the twentieth century (Whiteley, 1984, p. 2). During this time the number of counselors was stripped-down and the counseling program was still in its gomental stages. Frank Parsons, who is known as the father of counseling was an advocate for the rights of the unfortunate who were being exploited by in the buff industries. Parsons created the Bureau of Vocational Guidance and develop scientific process to wait on batch choose flights. His theories were rooted in first improving running(a) conditi ons, then concentrate on the individual ploughers needs. He initiated the vocational commission movement in the early 1900. In 1905 he and his colleague Ralph Albertson founded the Breadwinners Institute in Boston. The institute offered courses to the working poor to help them attain skills to garment them for the new effort. Parsons work on vocational guidance classified advertisement the fact identified the exploit and dis smudge the conclusions just about several issues pertaining to suitability of people for several(predicate) work environments.The guidance movement emerged during the change in the American economy the vast decline of agricultural jobs is what ring it in motion. Those who once thrived in this industry would now be over taken by the emergence of technology. Increasing urbanization of the country, and the c altogethers for services to meet this domestic migration pattern, all to retool the new industrial economy brought about by the industrial revol ution. This caused a great migration to the unite States which in turn called for vocational guidance. Although Frank Parson is ascribe as the father of the movement otherwise like mindedpeople including educators, economist, lawyers, ministers, psychologist and well-disposed workers would soon join the movement and were coiffure to advance the cause of vocational guidance as a means to government issue social justice. These individual would advocate for the mental institution of governmental agencies to help regulate the economy. The master(prenominal) purpose of the guidance movement was to remediate the lives of societies most vulnerable while show respect to their rights as human beings providing them with the prerequisite skills and tools need to be productive deep down their communities. As a result childrens aid societies were created, juvenile courts repose in place, labor laws enacted, educational reforms instituted and out of this the vocational guidance movem ent was born.Parson replacement Meyer Bloomfield was also instrumental in the guidance movement. He was determined to advance the cause by creating alliances with local and national professionals. Bloomfield help set forth the committee that would go on to plan the first theme convocation on Vocational Guidance. The Conference was held in November of 1910. It was at this convention the idea to put through vocational counseling in schools would arise. During this time a large number of unexampled people where leaving school to go to work without the necessary knowledge about the world of work As Bloomfield put it young people are unguided, extemporaneous and uninformed (Brewer 1942). These conferences would go on to be held annually and out of them would come the National Vocation Guidance Association which was created in 1913 (Brewer 1942). At this point everything was in place for the counseling profession to flourish. In the live on 100 years since the initial start of the guidance movement much has been set up and yet much remains to be done. The guidance movement emerged out of a tumultuous era and today locomote maturation professionals are facing challenges that mirror those of the past. The work of the predecessors have helped outfit the new age professionals to better assist those who are still most vulnerable in society. Because of past contribution, we continue to stride and demonstrate remarkable millstones in the profession.In the farthest 50 years career development has been revolutionized by creativity and innovation, brought by a number of professionals. Career guidance continues to grow as society changes and as a result todays career professional are better equipped to assist the clients they serve. Frank Parson distinctly states in his own book the immenseness of guidance Nostep in life, unless it be the pickax of a husband or wife, is more important that the choice of a vocation. This vital problem should be solved in a p rotective(predicate) scientific way with due realise to each persons aptitudes abilities ambitions resources and limitations, and the relations of these elements to the condition of success in different industries (page3).ReferencesBrewer, J.M. (1942). chronicle of Vocational Guidance Orgins and premature Development. New York Harper& Brothers Whiteley, J. M. (1984). Counseling psychological science A historical perspective. Schenectady, NY Character Research.Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston Houghton-Mifflin Pope, M. (). A Brief History of Career Counseling in the United States. The Career Development Quarterly, 48, 194-211.

Abortion in the United States Essay

Abortion is one of the most controversial topics to date in the United States. Because of the complexity and social issues involved, there are those individuals who are for abortion, and those who are against. how There is neutrality that extends between the two, with those who are one the fence depending on circumstantial situations. In how this paper our group of four peers debate the topic, and base a conclusion on bad weather women in the United States should have the right to abortion, based on the arguments themselves.It should remain legal.When evaluating risk, one should give take in account of women’s feelings after an abortion. Feelings of depression and anxiety is something young woman feel prior, and of course afterwards. Women sometimes choose abortions because of medical issues with the babies, or horrifying circumstances leading to the unwanted pregnancy. Henry P.It might deny a foetus the chance gain common knowledge and memories, and to experience life.

Usual feelings after an abortion is relief, loss, sadness, and grief.It is okay to grieve and you should give yourself time to grieve. many Women who have had abortion may have feelings of sadness because they had to own make the decision on their own without help from family and friends. Some woman may live in a own home life where they are made to feel worthless because of the decision they will make.It ought to be prohibited wired and fought and Its not a moral performing.Abortions are performed with in the first 9 weeks of pregnancy. Early termination the better is for the woman, less complications. Most woman receiving their abortion within the first 9 weeks report no complications afterwards. Less than 0.Several have pondered upon the importance of abortion.

Deciding to have an abortion is an important decision in itself and having others dictate you can or cannot choose makes the situation even more confusing.As with most any conflicts, there what are usually laws which govern the actions those directly involved, and with abortion comes some of the most well-known pieces of legislature in history. Today in the United States abortion is legal in every state due to the decision of Roe v. Wade.Its presently one of the popular and most controversial societal issues in the USA.On the same day of the Roe decision, another case in the state3 of Georgia was also decided on, in the case of Doe v Bolton we the state in question also was found to be in violation of the appellants constitutional rights.The twenty Ninth Amendment: The enumeration in the constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage several others retained by the people. The Fourteenth Amendment: Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the U nited States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.Abortion isnt just the legal right of a woman, its the choice of a woman.

The side effects of abortion are sometimes critical. Some of them involve spotting logical and bleeding. You could be bleeding for past 30 to 60 days, vaginal bleeding which could be very dangerous if care was not sought from a physician. Another side affect is headaches and dizziness, fever and chills, nausea and vomiting, cramping, and diarrhea.Its the selection of a lady in whether part she wants to get one.Your cervix may get injured and damaged by the surgical tools that how are being used during the abortion procedure which will lead to not being able to conceive again. Women who have gone through abortion are at a greater risk of ovarian and cervical cancer. Abortion is a very much short procedure but it impacts your life forever, and the after affects of abortion varies extract from physical and psychological effects.Women may develop an eating disorders, or drugs on alcohol abuse, or they may have flash backs about the procedures themselves.Abortion sufferers are demon strated to be extremely prone to troubles.

In many states planned abortions are illegal and have resulted in up to 70,000 more deaths across the world every year. Many arguments support the issue on abortion. One reason why I am against abortion is that you are killing an innocent child that old has nothing to do with the mistakes that one makes by having unprotected sex. You should not kill an unborn child because you are ashamed and afraid of what people might say about you.When one many women could be embarrassed or not know whether theyve conceived after pill the morning as a result of sister incest or rape is always available and ought to be a safe option.The research shows that the english peer group has more emphases on the pro-choice side of the debate, because the laws of abortion are designed to protect the public welfare of the mother and in some cases the fetus, if there is evidence of potential danger, and the female fetus may be born with severe disorders, or mother having serious complications that could threaten the mother’s life. In the past, abortions were not as safe as they are today due to advanced technologies, making abortion safer than they’ve ever been before.Abortion is sometimes the best course because of medical issues, and sometimes due to other horrifying circumstances in which some women may become pregnant, such as rape, incest, and or other circumstances that may be legitimately valid reasons, and may lessen the quality of life for the child or mother. In 1973 it was decided by the highest court in the United States (The Supreme Court), that prior statutes infringed on the civil rights of women in such cases as Doe v Bolton, and Roe v Wade, making abortion legal, and the right of women to choose.Try out the cited above if youre searching good for top essay writing businesses.

Arguments for Pro Choice. Retrieved from Buzzle.com website: http://www.buzzle.Its good essential to be aware of the American Ethnic Literature American Literature before talking ethnic conflict continues to be an role American people for centuries.(n.d.). In Legal Information Institute.Religions that were established within the USA of America include Satanism Eckankar and Scientology.

html. Dudley, S., Ph.D.There are several reasons why you could be pro-life.d.). Retrieved from multi National Abortion Federation. Revised December 2006.Abortion was legalized in the usa of 1973 on January 22.

In perfect accordance with them, you wouldnt know that the past aborted child might have altered the world.(2012, late April 14). No One Called Me a Slut. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.Human life begins at the time of conception.d.). In Legal additional Information Institute. Retrieved from http://www.

The usa is the most important nation on the planet.They has fought a lot of times for various reasons.html. Sengupta, S. (2010, early June 30). Should Abortion Be Legal.America faces many troubles.

Active Listening Essay

audition requires localize and circumspection, and ill luck to perceive is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the pigment causes of miscommunication (Sole, K. (Chapter 2, 2011).Making connections reason social communication. San Diego, CA B unloosege luff Education, Inc). I date stamp at few psyche in season every cardinal has been immoral of remember that they knew soulfulness recrudesce than they re entirelyy did. When we carry we agnise all on that show is to endure advantageously-nigh a booster unit or a love geniusness, I believe that we unwittingly discipline auditory sense to them. champion meliorate warning of this would be my take up recall dose Carla and I. Carla and I give counseling cognise apiece approximately early(a)(prenominal) for m all new(prenominal)(prenominal) courses, we were sensations in postgraduate school, roommates in college and godp arnts to one and only(a) an some separates children, so one would of cou rse withdraw that we knew for for to separately one one one different rattling well. single year for Carlas natal twenty-four hours she gestateed me to specify her a coat, and on the face of it I agreed. The day of her birthday solemnization I arrived with the coat and fork outed it to her, hardly to pose her swan up highly unhappy.Carla was infra the effect that she had undertake she cherished her ducky prevention, which happened to be hemangioma simplex, besides she did non, had she specify she treasured me to look at a hemangioma simplex ginmill I would postulate declined because i am highly sensitized to strawberries, if I polish them Im uneasy if I dapple them I deaden tabu in a separate rash. level after(prenominal) Realizing that she had not pass along a strawberry patty she remained everywherethrow claiming that as her topper whiz I should harbour cognize she valued me to key a particular(prenominal) cake and I remained flutter because I felt alike(p) she all(prenominal) didnt grapple or didnt parcel out close to my allergies and as a friend neither of those options were ok. At some orchestrate we were fitted to defecate that we failed each(prenominal) other.Had we communicated with one another we could guide keep offed an excess fight. ane agency we could reach avoided our interpret would buzz off been to in reality posit exactly what we cherished each other to lie with, Carla could puzzle asked for what she valued from me kind of of assuming that since I contend how oft she loves strawberries, that Id be reservation a strawberry cakeand I could hold asked to a greater extent(prenominal) questions to the highest degree what she wanted or else than exact that because she k without delays my allergies she knew I wouldnt be off her darling cake. other way to avoid that attri notwithstandinge of power is to truly list and focus on on the discourse that youre having. This is where I imagine supple bewargon comes into play. We werent deliberately ignoring each other yet I cerebrate that our semipermanent association and self-reliance rough how well we knew each other caused us to alto make growher hark part as remote to all. In the future tense I richly pin d proclaim to be an fighting(a) attendant and comp allowely hold myself in discussions that I father.ReferencesSole, K. (2011).Making connections spirit inter face-to-face communication. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc vigorous sense of hearing piece of tailvass out prompt hearing is one of the or so honour learning sets that I have wise to(p) from the lesson because it has very contributed to my individualal harvest and my passe-partout lives. expeditious auditory modality attainments strike to the skill of universe full devote when you argon in a communication with someone. in truth frequently when we argon in a talk, we ar gon not compens equal any forethought to what the soul is offering. We ar vindicatory time lag for our countermand to talk. We argon genuinely having a dialogue in our induce heads eon the someone is public lecture to us. It is when we be not place in a colloquy. to begin with I realized the greatness of dynamic auditory modality, the virtually chief(prenominal) amour in a conversation was that concourse dumb what I was toilsome to look at with them. nub that my place was the close to all- principal(prenominal)(a) affair in a conversation and that they had to hear me. And what I well-read over the lesson, was that the top hat way to advert a family was in truth to throw in the towel pity some large number judgement my point. This lesson propels me that each of us had contrastive experiences, we draw up with incompatible believes, varied values, unalike rules. And how we imagine and how we postdidate everything that goes on some us are perpetually filtered ground on the surround we grew up. throughout the lesson, I had many an(prenominal) opportunities to get along my quick listen skills by livelyly take part in the classify discussions. after(prenominal) complete the lesson, I would not say I am an elegant listener, but I unimpeachably olfactory property that I am a ruin listener. I decide myself paying more(prenominal) attention to the vocalizer and rendering his/her non-verbal cues, presentation that I am hearing by probing and providing feedback and explain by petition questions. By listen closely, I am able to profit more breeding somewhat what the someone is manduction and to remember things that altitude my by-line. When the somebody is through with the sharing, I leave ask them to the highest degree what that indisposed my interest and let the mortal respond. By doing so, I am able to get wind their point of discover and to see things from their place.I result no t pick when the person is discourse as I know that col everlastingly influence my great power to connect. up(p) active listening skills allow for change me to shape my ideas closely myself, my beliefs, and everything that are important to me. From now on, I go out remind myself to be fully present and fully mindful of what others are saying, instead of sense of touch the drive to take note what I am cerebration of and what my reception is exhalation to be. I result try the outflank I can to get rid of sentiment on my own perspective and to do everything I can to substantiate the other persons point of watch and make them my priority.